Jakarta –
Irregular verbs menjadi topik yang dipelajari dalam bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja tak beraturan ini sering muncul dalam percakapan dan tulisan. Seperti apa arti dan contohnya?
Irregular verbs berbeda dari kata kerja biasa karena bentuk lampau (past tense) dan bentuk past participle-nya tidak mengikuti pola -ed seperti kata kerja reguler. Untuk bisa lebih memahami, bisa simak pengertiannya di bawah ini.
Apa itu Irregular Verbs?
Dalam buku McGraw-Hill’s Essential English Irregular Verbs karya Mark Lester, dkk., irregular verbs adalah kata kerja yang berbentuk lampau dan past participle-nya tidak mengikuti aturan umum penambahan -ed. Misalnya:
go → went → gone (pergi)
eat → ate → eaten (makan)
see → saw → seen (melihat)
Berbeda dengan kata kerja reguler seperti play → played → played, irregular verbs harus dihafal karena pola perubahan bentuknya tidak konsisten.
Daftar 100+ Irregular Verbs Lengkap dengan Artinya
Dikutip dari Cambridge English dalam dokumennya, tercatat ada 107 irregular verbs sebagai berikut:
(Infinitive-Past Simple-Past Participle-Arti)
| be | was/were | been | ada, menjadi |
| beat | beat | beaten | memukul |
| become | became | become | menjadi |
| begin | began | begun | memulai |
| bend | bent | bent | membengkokkan |
| bet | bet | bet | bertaruh |
| bite | bit | bitten | menggigit |
| blow | blew | blown | meniup |
| break | broke | broken | memecahkan |
| bring | brought | brought | membawa |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | menyiarkan |
| build | built | built | membangun |
| burst | burst | burst | meledak |
| buy | bought | bought | membeli |
| catch | caught | caught | menangkap |
| choose | chose | chosen | memilih |
| come | came | come | datang |
| cost | cost | cost | berharga |
| creep | crept | crept | merayap |
| cut | cut | cut | memotong |
| deal | dealt | dealt | berurusan |
| dig | dug | dug | menggali |
| do | did | done | melakukan |
| draw | drew | drawn | menggambar |
| drink | drank | drunk | minum |
| drive | drove | driven | menyetir |
| eat | ate | eaten | makan |
| fall | fell | fallen | jatuh |
| feed | fed | fed | memberi makan |
| feel | felt | felt | merasa |
| fight | fought | fought | berkelahi |
| find | found | found | menemukan |
| flee | fled | fled | melarikan diri |
| fly | flew | flown | terbang |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | melarang |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | lupa |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | memaafkan |
| freeze | froze | frozen | membeku |
| get | got | gotten | mendapatkan |
| give | gave | given | memberi |
| go | went | gone | pergi |
| grow | grew | grown | tumbuh |
| hang | hung | hung | menggantung |
| have | had | had | mempunyai |
| hear | heard | heard | mendengar |
| hide | hid | hidden | bersembunyi |
| hit | hit | hit | memukul |
| hold | held | held | memegang |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | melukai |
| keep | kept | kept | menyimpan |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | berlutut |
| know | knew | known | tahu |
| lay | laid | laid | meletakkan |
| lead | led | led | memimpin |
| leave | left | left | meninggalkan |
| lend | lent | lent | meminjamkan |
| let | let | let | membiarkan |
| lie | lay | lain | berbaring |
| light | lit | lit | menyalakan |
| lose | lost | lost | kehilangan |
| make | made | made | membuat |
| mean | meant | meant | berarti |
| meet | met | met | bertemu |
| pay | paid | paid | membayar |
| put | put | put | menaruh |
| read | read | read | membaca |
| ride | rode | ridden | mengendarai |
| ring | rang | rung | berdering |
| rise | rose | risen | naik |
| run | ran | run | berlari |
| say | said | said | berkata |
| see | saw | seen | melihat |
| seek | sought | sought | mencari |
| sell | sold | sold | menjual |
| send | sent | sent | mengirim |
| set | set | set | mengatur |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | menjahit |
| shake | shook | shaken | menggoyang |
| shine | shone | shone | bersinar |
| shoot | shot | shot | menembak |
| show | showed | shown/showed | menunjukkan |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | menyusut |
| shut | shut | shut | menutup |
| sing | sang | sung | bernyanyi |
| sink | sank | sunk | tenggelam |
| sit | sat | sat | duduk |
| sleep | slept | slept | tidur |
| slide | slid | slid | meluncur |
| speak | spoke | spoken | berbicara |
| spend | spent | spent | menghabiskan |
| spit | spat | spat | meludah |
| split | split | split | membelah |
| spread | spread | spread | menyebar |
| spring | sprang | sprung | melompat |
| stand | stood | stood | berdiri |
| steal | stole | stolen | mencuri |
| stick | stuck | stuck | menempel |
| sting | stung | stung | menyengat |
| stink | stank | stunk | bau |
| strike | struck | struck | memukul |
| swear | swore | sworn | bersumpah |
| sweep | swept | swept | menyapu |
| swim | swam | swum | berenang |
| swing | swung | swung | mengayun |
| take | took | taken | mengambil |
| teach | taught | taught | mengajar |
| tear | tore | torn | menyobek |
| tell | told | told | menceritakan |
| think | thought | thought | berpikir |
| throw | threw | thrown | melempar |
| understand | understood | understood | memahami |
| wake | woke | woken | bangun |
| wear | wore | worn | memakai |
| weep | wept | wept | menangis |
| win | won | won | menang |
| write | wrote | written | menulis |
Contoh Penggunaan Irregular Verbs dalam Kalimat
Berikut adalah 5 contoh penggunaan irregular verbs.
1. Be (was/were – been)
Present: I am a student.
Past: She was at the library yesterday.
Past Participle: They have been to Japan.
2. Become (became – become)
Present: He wants to become a doctor.
Past: She became famous after the movie was released.
Past Participle: His dream has finally become a reality.
3. Choose (chose – chosen)
Present: You must choose a topic for your essay.
Past: He chose the blue shirt instead of the red one.
Past Participle: The committee has chosen the best candidate.
4. Drive (drove – driven)
Present: My father drives to work every day.
Past: We drove to the beach last weekend.
Past Participle: Have you ever driven a sports car?
5. Forget (forgot – forgotten)
Present: Don’t forget to call your mom.
Past: I forgot to do my homework.
Past Participle: She had forgotten her password.
Tips Mudah Menghafal Irregular Verbs
Menguasai irregular verbs adalah langkah penting untuk lancar berbahasa Inggris. Dengan daftar lengkap, latihan rutin, dan strategi hafal yang tepat, akan bisa menggunakan kata kerja tak beraturan dengan percaya diri, baik dalam percakapan sehari-hari maupun ujian.
Berikut tips mudah menghafal konsep irregular verbs:
1. Kelompokkan Berdasarkan Pola
Beberapa irregular verbs memiliki pola yang sama, misalnya:
Tidak berubah: put – put – put
Berubah seragam: begin – began – begun
Berubah tidak seragam: go – went – gone
2. Gunakan Kalimat Nyata
Membuat contoh kalimat membantu mengingat penggunaan. Misalnya: She ate her lunch quickly.
3. Latihan dengan Flashcards
Tulis bentuk infinitive di satu sisi dan past tense beserta past participle di sisi lain. Latihan rutin akan memperkuat ingatan.
4. Kombinasikan dengan Lagu atau Cerita
Menghafal dengan ritme atau cerita bisa membuat irregular verbs lebih mudah melekat di ingatan.
Nah, itulah penjelasan mengenai irregular verbs dan contohnya. Mulai sekarang, jangan takut ya detikers, dengan irregular verbs! Mulailah dari daftar kata yang sering digunakan, praktikkan setiap hari, dan latih terus kemampuan bahasa Inggrisnya!
Selamat belajar!
*Penulis adalah peserta magang Program PRIMA Magang PTKI Kementerian Agama
(faz/faz)
